Notation

Symbol	Description
$f_c$	concrete strength
$f_{cd}$	concrete design strength
$f_{ct}$	concrete tensile strength
$E$	elastic modulus
$\nu$	Poisson's ratio (0.2)
$\alpha$	coefficient of thermal expansion, varies but $(1\times10^6/°C)$ assumed
$\varepsilon_{cu}$	strain at failure (ULS)
$\varepsilon_{ax}$	compressive strain at failure (ULS)
$\varepsilon_{plas}$	strain at which maximum stress is reached (ULS)
$\varepsilon_{max}$	assumed maximum strain (SLS)
$\varepsilon_{peak}$	strain corresponding to (first) peak stress (SLS)
$\varepsilon_{pop}$	strain corresponding to peak stress in Popovics curve (SLS)
$\varepsilon_{\beta}$	$\varepsilon_{\beta}=(1-\beta)\varepsilon_u$